Inspecting Used Forklifts: What to Look for Before You Buy

Purchasing a used forklift can be a smart financial decision for businesses looking to expand their material handling capabilities without breaking the bank. However, navigating the second-hand market can be tricky, and identifying a forklift that meets your needs and offers good value for money requires a discerning eye. Here are key considerations and what to look for before you finalize your purchase.

Determine Your Requirements

Before diving into the market, clearly define what you need in a used forklifts. Consider factors such as the type of loads it will carry, the height to which it needs to lift, the operating environment (indoor or outdoor), and any specific features like side shifting or adjustable forks. This step will help you narrow down your options and focus on models that meet your specific requirements.

Conduct a Thorough Visual Inspection

Start with a comprehensive visual inspection of the forklift:

• General Condition: Look for signs of wear and tear, rust, or damage to the frame and mast. A well-maintained forklift should have minimal damage and no significant rust.
• Tires: Check for cracks, splits, or significant wear. Remember that tire condition can affect the forklift’s handling and safety.
• Forks and Mast: Inspect for any bends, cracks, or welding repairs on the forks, as these could indicate past overloading. The mast should operate smoothly without any sticking points.

Check the Operating Hours

The forklift’s age is not as critical as the number of operating hours it has logged, which is a more accurate indicator of usage and wear. Consider this in the context of the forklift’s make and model, as some are designed for heavier use than others.

Test Drive and Operational Check

Always test drive the forklift if possible. This is when you’ll get a feel for how it operates and can check for any mechanical issues:

• Start-up: The engine should start smoothly without excessive smoke or unusual noises.
• Controls: Test all controls for responsiveness and ensure they operate smoothly. This includes lifting, lowering, tilting, and side-shifting functions.
• Brakes and Steering: The forklift should stop effectively, and the steering should be responsive without any play or stiffness.
• Leaks: After the test drive, inspect for any hydraulic fluid or oil leaks under the forklift.

Review Maintenance Records

Ask for the forklift’s service and maintenance records. Regular maintenance is a good sign and can give you insights into the unit’s history, including any recurring issues or significant repairs.

Consider Future Maintenance and Part Availability

Research the model’s reputation and the availability of spare parts. It’s essential to know that you can maintain the forklift and source parts easily to avoid extended downtime in the future.

Get a Professional Assessment

If you’re not confident in your ability to assess a forklift’s condition, consider hiring a professional mechanic or inspector who specializes in heavy machinery. Their expertise can help you avoid costly mistakes.

Understand the Forklift’s History

If possible, learn about the forklift’s operational history. Understanding the environments in which it was used (e.g., warehousing, construction sites, cold storage) can provide context about its potential wear and tear. Machines used in harsh environments or for multiple shifts a day might have endured more stress than those used lightly in a clean warehouse. Moreover, if the forklift was part of a lease or rental fleet, it’s possible that it was subject to regular servicing and proper maintenance, which could be a positive sign.

Another aspect to consider is whether the forklift was subject to any major accidents or incidents. Such history might indicate potential structural issues not immediately evident. A seller with comprehensive records or who discloses the full history of the forklift is likely more trustworthy, aligning with someone who has taken good care of the machine.

Assess the Economic Viability

The initial price tag of a used forklift is an important factor, but you should also look ahead and consider the total cost of ownership. This includes maintenance costs, fuel (or electricity for electric models), and the potential resale value if you plan to sell the equipment in the future. Research the average lifespan of the model you’re considering and compare it to similar models in terms of efficiency and maintenance expenses.

Conclusion

Buying a used forklift involves careful consideration and attention to detail. By determining your requirements, conducting a thorough inspection, and considering future maintenance, you can find a reliable and cost-effective solution for your material handling needs. Remember, the goal is not just to find a cheap forklift, but a durable, efficient, and safe machine that will serve your business well over the long term.